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The HC-05 is a highly popular, low-cost Bluetooth Classic (2.0) module designed for wireless serial communication in microcontroller projects. It operates as a Master or Slave device, making it ideal for connecting microcontrollers like Arduino to smartphones, laptops, or other Bluetooth modules.Core Technical Specifications
| Parameter | Specification |
|---|---|
| Protocol | Bluetooth V2.0 + EDR (Enhanced Data Rate) |
| Frequency | 2.4 GHz ISM Band |
| Modulation | GFSK (Gaussian Frequency Shift Keying) |
| Emission Power | 4 dBm, Class 2 |
| Sensitivity | -84 dBm at 0.1% BER |
| Speed | Asynchronous: 2.1 Mbps (Max) / 160 Kbps |
| Default Baud Rate | 9600 (Data Mode) / 38400 (AT Command Mode) |
| Operating Voltage | 3.6 V to 6 V (Board) / 3.3 V (Logic Level) |
- VCC: Power supply input (3.6 V - 6 V).
- GND: Ground reference connection.
- TXD: Serial transmit pin (3.3 V logic) connects to MCU RX.
- RXD: Serial receive pin (3.3 V logic) connects to MCU TX (requires voltage divider).
- STATE: Indicates Bluetooth connection status (Low = disconnected, High = connected).
- EN / KEY: Toggle pin to enter AT Command mode (High = AT mode, Low/Floating = Data mode).
The HC-05 is a highly popular, low-cost Bluetooth Classic (2.0) module designed for wireless serial communication in microcontroller projects. It operates as a Master or Slave device, making it ideal for connecting microcontrollers like Arduino to smartphones, laptops, or other Bluetooth modules.Core Technical Specifications
| Parameter | Specification |
|---|---|
| Protocol | Bluetooth V2.0 + EDR (Enhanced Data Rate) |
| Frequency | 2.4 GHz ISM Band |
| Modulation | GFSK (Gaussian Frequency Shift Keying) |
| Emission Power | 4 dBm, Class 2 |
| Sensitivity | -84 dBm at 0.1% BER |
| Speed | Asynchronous: 2.1 Mbps (Max) / 160 Kbps |
| Default Baud Rate | 9600 (Data Mode) / 38400 (AT Command Mode) |
| Operating Voltage | 3.6 V to 6 V (Board) / 3.3 V (Logic Level) |
Pinout ConfigurationThe module is typically mounted on a breakout board with 6 pins:
- VCC: Power supply input (3.6 V – 6 V).
- GND: Ground reference connection.
- TXD: Serial transmit pin (3.3 V logic) connects to MCU RX.
- RXD: Serial receive pin (3.3 V logic) connects to MCU TX (requires voltage divider).
- STATE: Indicates Bluetooth connection status (Low = disconnected, High = connected).
- EN / KEY: Toggle pin to enter AT Command mode (High = AT mode, Low/Floating = Data mode).
Connecting HC-05 to ArduinoWhen wiring the HC-05 to a 5 V Arduino, you must use a voltage divider on the HC-05 RXD pin because its logic level is strictly 3.3 V.textArduino 5V ————————> VCC (HC-05)Arduino GND ————————> GND (HC-05)Arduino TX (Pin 11) —> [ 1k ] —> RXD (HC-05) | [ 2k ] | GNDArduino RX (Pin 10) <---------------- TXD (HC-05)
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